Fungal Skin Infections: Common Types, Prevention, Treatment

Fungal skin infections are a prevalent concern for individuals of all ages, causing discomfort and potential complications if not addressed promptly. These infections are caused by various types of fungi that thrive in warm, moist environments, making certain parts of the body more susceptible than others. Common areas affected include the feet, groin, and armpits, though fungal infections can occur anywhere on the body. The spread of these infections is often facilitated by direct contact with an infected person, animal, or object, making proper hygiene and preventive measures essential.

Given the widespread nature of fungal skin infections, understanding the common types, preventive strategies, and available treatments is crucial for maintaining healthy skin. This article aims to provide comprehensive information on these aspects, helping individuals recognise the signs of fungal infections, adopt effective prevention practices, and seek appropriate treatment when necessary.

Common types of fungal skin infections

1. Athlete’s foot (tinea pedis)

Athlete’s foot, or tinea pedis¹, is a common fungal infection affecting the feet, particularly between the toes. It is characterised by itching, burning, and cracked skin. This infection thrives in warm, moist environments such as swimming pools, locker rooms, and communal showers. Wearing tight, closed-toe shoes and not drying the feet properly after bathing can also contribute to its development.

2. Ringworm (tinea corporis)

Ringworm, known medically as tinea corporis², is not caused by a worm but by a fungus. It appears as a red, circular rash with clearer skin in the middle, giving it a ring-like appearance. This infection can occur on various parts of the body and is highly contagious, spreading through direct contact with infected individuals, animals, or contaminated surfaces.

3. Moniliasis/candidiasis

Moniliasis, also known as candidiasis³, is a yeast infection that typically targets moist regions such as the groin, armpits, and skin folds. It is also frequently found on the genitalia, where it can lead to vaginal discharge in women. This condition is more prevalent in infants or elderly with diaper use, as well as individuals with diabetes mellitus, frequently presenting as itchy red spots or patches. Contributing factors to the development of candidiasis include a compromised immune system, the use of antibiotics, and elevated blood sugar levels.

4. Nail fungus (onychomycosis)

Nail fungus, or onychomycosis⁴, affects the nails, causing them to become thick, discoloured, and brittle. This infection can occur on both fingernails and toenails but is more common in toenails. Factors such as poor nail hygiene, wearing tight shoes, and having a history of athlete’s foot can increase the likelihood of developing nail fungus.

Prevention of fungal skin infections

Preventing fungal skin infections involves maintaining good hygiene and making lifestyle adjustments to reduce the risk of exposure to fungi. Here are some key preventive measures:

Maintain proper hygiene: Regularly wash and thoroughly dry the skin, especially areas prone to moisture, such as between the toes and in skin folds. Use a clean towel and avoid sharing personal items like towels, socks, and shoes.
Wear appropriate clothing: Opt for loose-fitting, breathable clothing made of natural fibres to reduce sweating and moisture buildup. Change clothes, socks, and underwear daily, especially after sweating.
Use antifungal products: Apply antifungal powders or sprays to areas susceptible to infection, such as the feet and groin. These products can help keep the skin dry and prevent fungal growth.
Protect your feet: Wear shower shoes or sandals in communal areas like locker rooms, public showers, and swimming pools. This reduces the risk of coming into contact with fungi that cause infections like athlete’s foot.
Avoid sharing personal items: As mentioned, do not share personal items such as towels, shoes, or clothing. Fungi can survive on these surfaces and spread from person to person.

Treatment of fungal skin infections

Effective treatment of fungal skin infections often involves the use of antifungal medications, which can be topical or oral, depending on the severity and location of the infection.

Topical antifungal medications

For mild to moderate infections, topical antifungal creams, lotions, or powders are often sufficient. Commonly used antifungal agents include clotrimazole, miconazole, sertaconazole, and terbinafine. These medications should be applied directly to the affected area as directed, usually for several weeks to ensure complete eradication of the fungus.

Oral antifungal medications

In cases of severe or widespread infections, oral antifungal medications may be necessary. Drugs such as fluconazole, itraconazole, and terbinafine are commonly prescribed. These medications work systemically to eliminate the infection from within the body.

Home remedies and lifestyle changes

In addition to medical treatments, certain home remedies and lifestyle changes can support the healing process. Keeping the affected area clean and dry, wearing breathable clothing, and avoiding irritants can help manage symptoms and prevent reinfection.

Professional medical care

For persistent or recurrent infections, seeking professional medical care is essential. A dermatologist from a reputable dermatology clinic can provide a proper diagnosis and recommend an effective treatment plan tailored to the specific type and severity of the infection. Regular check-ups and monitoring are also important to prevent complications.

Conclusion

Fungal skin infections are a common yet manageable health issue. Understanding the different types of infections, their prevention, and effective treatments can help maintain healthy skin and prevent recurrence. At Angeline Yong Dermatology, we offer expert care for fungal skin infections and a range of other dermatological services, including Singapore mole checks for checking skin cancer. Our dermatology clinic is dedicated to providing personalised treatment plans to meet your unique skin health needs. Contact us today to learn more about how we can help you achieve optimal skin health.

References

Nigam, P. K., Syed, H. A., & Saleh, D. (2023, October 29). Tinea Pedis. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470421/

Ringworm. Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4560-ringworm

Common Fungal Skin Infections. HealthHub. (n.d.). https://www.healthhub.sg/a-z/diseases-and-conditions/fungal-infections-white-spot-ringworm-athletes-foot

Lipner, S. R., & Scher, R. K. (2019). Onychomycosis: Clinical overview and diagnosis. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 80(4), 835–851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2018.03.062

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Fungal Skin Infections: Common Types, Prevention, Treatment