Understanding The Different Types Of Acne & How To Treat Them

Acne: it’s a word that strikes fear into the hearts of teenagers and adults alike. Whether you’re battling stubborn pimples or dealing with the aftermath of past breakouts, acne can take a toll on your confidence and self-esteem. But here’s the thing: acne isn’t just one problem. It comes in many shapes and sizes, each with its own set of challenges and frustrations.

The comforting news is that acne is a common skin condition that affects millions of people worldwide, regardless of age or gender. While it’s often associated with adolescence, acne can persist into adulthood and manifest in various forms. And while it may seem daunting to confront, understanding the different types of acne is crucial for effective treatment and management. From pesky whiteheads to painful cysts, we’ll break down what each type looks like, why it happens, and most importantly, how you can treat it.

The anatomy of acne: A closer look at its types

Acne occurs when hair follicles become clogged with dead skin cells and oil¹, leading to the formation of comedones or acne lesions. These lesions can take on different forms, each with its own characteristics and treatment approaches. Below, we explore acne types and discuss the best strategies for managing each one.

1. Whiteheads (Closed comedones)

Whiteheads can develop when a pore becomes blocked by a combination of sebum and dead skin cells². Unlike blackheads, where the pore remains open, the top of a whitehead closes up, resulting in a small bump on the skin’s surface.

Addressing whiteheads can pose challenges as the pores are already sealed shut. However, products containing salicylic acid have shown efficacy in treating this type of acne. Additionally, topical retinoids have been found to yield the best outcomes for comedonal acne. Adapalene (commonly known as Differin) is now accessible over the counter as a retinoid option. Should this prove ineffective, stronger topical retinoids, such as tretinoin and trifarotene, are available via prescription from a dermatologist at a reputable dermatology clinic.

2. Blackheads (Open comedones)

Blackheads, like whiteheads, occur when hair follicles become clogged with dead skin cells and sebum. However, in the case of blackheads, the pore remains open², allowing the trapped material to oxidise and turn dark in colour. Treatment for blackheads typically involves gentle exfoliation to remove dead skin cells and unclog pores, along with the use of topical retinoids to encourage cell turnover and prevent future blockages.

3. Papules and pustules

Papules develop when the protective walls surrounding your pores weaken due to intense inflammation. This leads to the formation of firm², obstructed pores that are sensitive to touch. Typically, the skin surrounding these pores appears pinkish in colour. Similarly, pustules may arise when the barriers around your pores deteriorate. Unlike papules, pustules contain pus and protrude from the skin’s surface. They are typically red and may exhibit yellow or white heads atop them.

Treatment for papules and pustules often involves topical medications³, such as topical antibiotics or retinoids, to reduce inflammation and control bacterial growth. Depending on the extent of your acne, your dermatologist may suggest oral medications as part of your treatment plan. These medications can include antibiotics, birth control pills (for women), or anti-androgen agents (also for women).

4. Nodules and cysts

Nodules form² when blocked and inflamed pores undergo additional irritation and increase in size. Unlike pustules and papules, nodules are situated deeper beneath the skin’s surface. Due to their deep-seated nature, nodules typically cannot be effectively treated at home – prescription medications are necessary to address these lesions.

Your healthcare provider or dermatologist is likely to prescribe oral medication such as isotretinoin (Roaccutane). Derived from a type of vitamin A, this medication is typically taken daily for a variable duration between four to nine months. It works by reducing the size of oil glands within the pores, effectively treating and preventing the formation of nodules.

On the other hand, cysts can develop² when pores become congested with a combination of bacteria, sebum, and dead skin cells. These blockages occur deep within the skin, well below the surface, compared to nodules. Characterised by large, painful bumps that are either red or white, cysts are the most significant form of acne. Their formation often stems from severe infection, making them more prone to scarring.

Isotretinoin (Roaccutane) is a commonly prescribed medication for treating cysts. In some cases, intralesional steroid injections may be recommended, and in severe cases, surgical removal of a cyst may even be necessary under the guidance of a dermatologist.

Conclusion

By incorporating targeted skincare products, individuals can achieve clearer, healthier skin and regain confidence in their appearance. However, it’s important to recognise the tell-tale signs that your acne requires professional attention. In such cases, consulting with a dermatologist can provide invaluable guidance and support in navigating the complexities of acne treatment. At Angeline Yong Dermatology, we understand the complexities of acne and offer personalised treatment plans tailored to each individual’s needs. As an experienced dermatologist, Dr Angeline Yong utilises evidence-based practices and the latest advancements in dermatological care to address various forms of acne, from mild to severe.

Whether it’s recommending topical medications, oral treatments, or advanced procedures, our goal is to help you achieve clearer, healthier skin and regain your confidence. Additionally, our clinic provides comprehensive skincare services, including various acne scar treatments and skin cancer screening in Singapore, ensuring holistic care for your skin health. Don’t let acne hold you back any longer – schedule a consultation with Angeline Yong Dermatology today and take the first step towards a brighter, blemish-free complexion.

References

Zaenglein, A. L., Pathy, A. L., Schlosser, B. J., Alikhan, A., Baldwin, H. E., Berson, D. S., Bowe, W. P., Graber, E. M., Harper, J. C., Kang, S., Keri, J. E., Leyden, J. J., Reynolds, R. V., Silverberg, N. B., Stein Gold, L. F., Tollefson, M. M., Weiss, J. S., Dolan, N. C., Sagan, A. A., Stern, M., … Bhushan, R. (2016). Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 74(5), 945–73.e33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2015.12.037

Timmons, J. (2023, July 28). Types of Acne and How to Treat Them. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/beauty-skin-care/types-of-acne

Cherney, K. (2023, April 29). What Causes Acne Papules, and How Are They Treated?. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/papules-acne#treatment

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Understanding The Different Types Of Acne & How To Treat Them